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1 σύμβολον
σύμβολον, τό,A tally, i.e. each of two halves or corresponding pieces of an ἀστράγαλος or other object, which two ξένοι, or any two contracting parties, broke between them, each party keeping one piece, in order to have proof of the identity of the presenter of the other,ἀποδεικνύντες τὰ σ. ἀπαίτεον τὰ χρήματα Hdt.6.86
.β; ξένοις τε πέμψω σύμβολ', οἳ δράσουσί σ' εὖ E.Med. 613
(cf. Sch.); διαπεπρισμένα ἡμίσε' ἀκριβῶς ὡσπερεὶ τὰ ς. Eub.70; ὡς σ. ὀρέγεται ἀλλήλων [τὰ ἐναντία] Arist.EE 1239b31; ζητεῖ.. τὸ αὑτοῦ ἕκαστος ς. Pl.Smp. 191d;καθάπερ ἐκ συμβόλων Arist.Mete. 360a26
, cf. GA 722b11, Pol. 1294a35; ἔχειν σύμβολα πρὸς ἄλληλα complementary factors, Id.GC 331a24; ποιησάσθω σύμβολα ἡ βουλὴ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν Σιδωνίων, ὅπως ἂν ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων εἰδῇ, ἐάν τι πέμπῃ κτλ. IG22.141.19.b of other devices having the same purpose, e.g. a seal-impression on wax, Plaut. Pseud. 55 (hence ς. = signet-ring, Plin.HN33.10); an extant bronze hand is inscribedσ. πρὸς Οὐελαυνίους IG14.2432
([place name] Gaul), cf. 279 (Lilybaeum, ii B.C., where the word does not occur).2 any token serving as proof of identity,ἔλαβε σ. παρὰ βασιλέως τοῦ μεγάλου φιάλην χρυσῆν Lys.19.25
; πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν.. εὐπορήσειν διὰ τὸ ς. ibid.; ὡς ἔγνω.. τὰ παρὰ τῆς γυναικὸς ς. X.Cyr.6.1.46; τὰ μητρὸς ς. E. Ion 1386, cf. Hel. 291, El. 577, Com.Adesp.17.16 D., D.S.4.59, Plu.Thes.6; ἰδοὺ τὰ ς. here are my credentials, Arr.Epict.1.16.11, cf. 3.22.99, 4.8.20; ἔχοντες σ. σαφὲς λύπης bearing clear credentials (consisting) of (a common) grief, S.Ph. 403, cf. Aristid.1.416 J.3 guarantee,σ. τῆς παιδεύσεως πιστότατον Isoc.4.49
;σ. ὅτι παρ' ἐμοῦ [ἡ ἐπιστολή] ἐστι Pl.Ep. 360a
, cf. 363b;σ. τῆς σωτηρίας D.15.4
;σ. τοῦ συμφέροντος εἰς τὸ μὴ βλάπτειν ἀλλήλους Epicur.Sent.31
.4 token, esp. of goodwill,χρυσίον σ. φιλίας καὶ ξενίας Plu.Pyrrh.20
, cf. Art.18;χρυσοῦν στέφανον ἔλαβον σ. περιέχοντα τῆς ὑμετέρας πρός με εὐσεβείας PLond.3.1178.13
(ii A.D.).5 identity- token given to Athenian dicasts on entering the courts, entitling them to vote, and on presenting which they received another ς., in exchange for which they received their fee, Ar.Pl. 278, D.18.210, Arist.Ath.65.2, 68.2, Poll.8.16; also in the ecclesia, Ar.Ec. 297 (lyr.); διάδοσις τῶν ς. IG2.1749.76: extant theatre-tokens (without the word ς.) in IG5(2).323 (Mantinea, iv B.C.).6 at Rome, = tessera, token entitling the bearer to a donation of corn or money, D.C.49.43.II of written documents,1 passport or the seal thereon, Ar.Av. 1214 (cf. Sch.); ἐκπλεῖν μηδένα ἀστῶν μηδὲ μέτοικον ἄνευ ς. Aen.Tact.10.8: metaph., Arr.Epict.3.12.15.2 passenger-list, ἐμοῦ [τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ] τοὺς νεκροὺς ἀπαριθμοῦντος τῷ Αἰακῷ κἀκείνου λογιζομένου αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸ.. πεμφθὲν αὐτῷ ς. Luc.Cat.4.3 pl., treaty between two states providing for the security of one another's citizens and sts. for the settlement of commercial and other disputes (usu. in the law-courts of the defendant's city (cf. Harp. s.v.));εἰσὶ.. αὐτοῖς συνθῆκαι περὶ τῶν εἰσαγωγίμων καὶ σ. περὶ τοῦ μὴ ἀδικεῖν Arist.Pol. 1280a39
;σ. ποιήσασθαι πρὸς πόλιν D.7.11
, cf. And.4.18;τὰ σ. συγχέων D.21.173
; ἀπὸ συμβόλων δικάζεσθαι, κοινωνεῖν, Antipho 5.78, Arist.Pol. 1275a10;αἱ ἀπὸ συμβόλων δίκαι Id.Ath.59.6
; cf. : sg. in same sense, Foed. Delph.Pell.1 A 7 (also written συββ- ib. 1 B 10, al.);ἡ κατὰ τὸ σ. δικαιοδοσία πρός τινα Plb.23.1.2
, cf. 32.7.3; κατὰ τὸ ς. IG12(7).67.48 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), 9(1).331.5 (Chaleion, ii B.C.); κατὰ τὸ δοχθὲν κοινᾷ ς. GDI5040.70 ([place name] Crete).4 contract between individuals, PCair.Zen.724.7,13, 790.2 (iii B.C.), PTeb.5.212 (ii B.C.), 52.10 (ii B.C.); αἰσχρὰ κακοῖς ἔργοις σ. θηκάμενοι forming disgraceful compacts (sealed) by evil deeds, Thgn.1150;τὰ τῷ Καίσαρι πεπραγμένα κυροῦν συμβόλῳ App.BC2.132
.5 receipt, sts. made out in duplicate,σ. διπλᾶ ἐσφραγισμένα PSI4.324.4
(iii B.C.), cf. PRev.Laws52.19 (iii B.C.), UPZ25.25, 26.16 (ii B.C.);τὸ σ. τῆς ἀποχῆς PCair.Zen. 144.2
(iii B.C.);σ. ἀποχῆς PEnteux.73.4
(iii B.C.); (iii B.C.), cf. PHib.1.67.16 (iii B.C.);σ. καὶ ἀντισύμβολα BGU1741.10
(i B.C.); receipt for a pledged article, PCair. Zen.120.3 (iii B.C.).6 unilateral undertaking in writing, guarantee, PPetr.3p.164 (iii B.C.), PMich.Zen.57.4 (iii B.C.), UPZ 112 ii 1 (ii B.C.).7 warrant entitling the holder to draw allowances over a period,τοῦ κθ ἔτους τὸ σ. τοῦ ὀψωνίου καὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς σύνταξον γράψαι PSI5.504.8
(iii B.C.); σ. σιτικὰ καὶ ἀργυρικά (bequeathed) PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.); σφράγισαι τὸ ς. PCair.Zen.375.11 (iii B.C.), cf. PSI4.349.2,7 (iii B.C.), UPZ14.89 (ii B.C.);τὰ σ. τῶν σιταρχιῶν BGU1755.5
(i B.C.).8 warrant or commission from the Emperor, by which officers held their posts, Cod.Just.1.5.12.1, 11; σ. τριβούνου ib.12.33.8 Intr.III more generally, token, φυλάσσω λαμπάδος τὸ ς. the beacon- token, A.Ag.8; τέκμαρ τοιοῦτο σ. τέ σοι λέγω ib. 315; μανθάνω τὸ ς. E.Or. 1130, cf.Rh. 220; clue, S.OT 221; χειμῶνος ς. a sign of an approaching storm, Anaxag. 19, Sch.Arat.832;νόμισμα σ. τῆς ἀλλαγῆς ἕνεκα γενήσεται Pl.R. 371b
;ἔστι τὰ ἐν τῇ φωνῇ τῶν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ παθημάτων σ., καὶ τὰ γραφόμενα τῶν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ Arist.Int. 16a4
, cf. 24b2, Sens. 437a15; τὰ τεχνητὰ τῶν ς. Plu.Per.6; νίκης σ. Ἰσθμιάδος, of the celery-wreath, Call.Fr. 103; τὰ τῶν στρατοπέδων ς. legionary standards, Hdn.4.7.7; insignia of deities, D.H.8.38;τῆς βασιλείας Plu.
Comp.Cim. Luc.3; εἰράνας σ. καὶ πολέμον, of a trumpet, AP6.151 (Tymn.).2 omen, portent, Archil.44, A.Ag. 144 (lyr.);σ. δ' οὔ πώ τις ἐπιχθονίων πιστὸν ἀμφὶ πράξιος ἐσσομένας εὗρεν θεόθεν Pi.O.12.7
(cf. Sch.); οἱ διὰ συμβόλων.. προλέγοντες distd. from other kinds of μάντεις, Gal. 15.442;περὶ οἰωνῶν καὶ σ. καὶ διοσημιῶν Iamb.VP13.62
;= auspicium, Gloss.; ἐν τοῖς λικμητηρίοις γεννώμενα τὰ βρέφη ἐτίθεσαν εἰς σ. εὐτροφίας Sch.Arat.268.3 Medic., symptom, Gal.19.217, Aret.CD1.4, al.5 secret code,τὰ μυστικὰ σ. τῶν περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον ὀργιασμῶν, ἃ σύνισμεν ἀλλήλοις οἱ κοινωνοῦντες Plu.2.611d
, cf. Orph.Fr.31.23; consisting of a signum and a responsum, Firm. De Errore 18; τὰ σ. [Πυθαγόρου] Arist.Fr. 197, Plu.2.727c; περὶ Πυθαγορικῶν ς., title of a work by Androcydes, Iamb.VP28.145; secret sign, γράψαι τι σ. ἐν πίνακι,.. μαθεῖν τὸν θέντα τὸ ς. ib.33.238, cf. 23.103, 32.227, Luc.Laps.5; allegory, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.256, 257, Demetr. Eloc. 243;διὰ συμβόλων μηνύειν Ph.2.559
, cf. 1.681, al., Dam.Pr. 210.IV pl., standard weights, IG22.1013.8.V a small coin, perh. a half-obol, shaped D, Hermipp.61, Ar.Fr.44, Archipp. 8: hence σύμβολον κεκαρμένος with half the head shaved, Hermipp.14.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σύμβολον
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2 promesse unilatérale d'achat/de vente
(unilateral) commitment ou undertaking to buy/to sellDictionnaire Français-Anglais > promesse unilatérale d'achat/de vente
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3 обязательство
сущ.commitment; liability; obligation; undertaking; юр тж engagementбрать (принимать) на себя обязательство — to assume (take upon oneself, undertake) a commitment (an obligation); bind (commit, pledge) oneself (to + inf); contract a liability; enter into a commitment (an engagement); incur (contract) a liability; undertake (to + inf)
брать (принимать) на себя обязательство не препятствовать эффективному осуществлению этого права — to undertake not to hinder the effective exercise of this right
брать (принимать) на себя обязательство придерживаться окончательного решения суда — to undertake to abide by (adhere to) the final judgement of the court
возлагать обязательство — (на) to impose (lay) a commitment (an obligation) (on)
выполнять обязательство — to carry out (comply with, discharge, fulfil, meet, perform) one's commitment (obligation)
(добросовестно) выполнять свои международные обязательства — to discharge (fulfil) (faithfully / in good faith) one's international commitments (obligations)
нарушать (не выполнять) обязательство — to default (on) (fail to comply with / honour) one's commitment (liability, obligation)
обеспечивать выполнение договорных обязательств — to ensure (secure) compliance with (observance of) contractual commitments (obligations)
освобождать от обязательства — to discharge (free, release) from a commitment (a liability, an obligation)
отказываться от обязательства — to deny (evade, renounce) a commitment (a liability, an obligation)
погашать обязательство — фин to repay an obligation
полностью и добросовестно соответствовать обязательствам, возложенным на них Уставом ООН — to comply fully and in good faith with the commitments (obligations) placed upon them by the UN Charter
связывать кого-л обязательством — to bind smb by (lay / place smb under) a commitment (an obligation); obligate; oblige (to + inf)
уклоняться от выполнения договорных обязательств — to evade the execution (fulfilment, performance) of contractual commitments (obligations)
замена обязательства — ( новация) novation
нарушение (невыполнение) обязательства — breach (impairment, non-performance, violation) of one's commitment (obligation); default; failure to comply with one's commitment (obligation); ( встречных обязательств по договору) non-performance of reciprocal obligations under a contract
невозможность выполнения своих обязательств — impossibility of execution (fulfilment, performance) of one's commitments (obligations)
невыполнение договорных обязательств — non-execution (non-fulfilment, non-performance) of contractual commitments (obligations); ( умышленное) wilful default
не связанный обязательством — unbound; uncommitted; unengaged
односторонний отказ от исполнения обязательства — unilateral refusal to fulfil (perform) an obligation
освобождение от обязательства — discharge (release) from a commitment (from a liability, an obligation)
ответственность за нарушение обязательства — liability for the breach (impairment, non-performance, violation) of one's commitment (obligation)
последствия прекращения или неисполнения обязательства — consequences of termination or non-performance of an obligation
прекращение обязательств — termination of commitments (of obligations); ( зачётом by a setoff); (ликвидацией юридического лица by liquidation of a legal entity / person); ( невозможностью исполнения by impossibility of performance)
соблюдение договорных обязательств — adherence to (compliance with, observance of) contractual commitments (obligations)
обязательства, возникающие из односторонних сделок — obligations arising from (out of) unilateral contracts (transactions)
обязательства, вытекающие из договоров — commitments (obligations) arising from (out of) treaties
обязательства, подлежащие оплате по предъявлении — sight liabilities
обязательства сторон по контракту — commitments (liabilities, obligations) of the parties under a contract
обязательство, взятое без встречного удовлетворения — naked promise
обязательство, возникающее вследствие недобросовестной конкуренции — obligation arising from (out of) unfair competition
обязательство, возникающее вследствие причинения вреда — obligation arising from (out of) causing (infliction of) damage (harm)
обязательство заёмщика возвратить сумму займа — borrower's obligation to return the amount of a loan
добросовестное выполнение обязательства — fulfilment in good faith of a commitment (of an obligation)
- обязательство в натурекраткосрочные обязательства, текущие обязательства — current (floating, short-term) liabilities
- обязательство возместить убытки
- обязательство в форме документа за печатью
- обязательство за счёт должника
- обязательство, имеющее исковую силу
- обязательство, имеющее обязательную силу
- обязательство, не имеющее исковой силы
- обязательство о непредъявлении иска - деликтное обязательство
- денежное обязательство
- договорные обязательства
- долговое обязательство
- долгосрочные обязательства
- заёмное обязательство
- налоговые обязательства - солидарные обязательства
- страховое обязательство
- условное обязательство
- финансовое обязательство -
4 обязательство обязательств·о
(официальное обещание) obligation, commitment, engagementsбрать на себя обязательство — to pledge / to undertake an engagement
взять на себя обязательство — accept / assume / make / undertake / eriter into a commitment
возлагать / налагать обязательства — to impose / to lay obligations (on)
выполнять / соблюдать обязательства — to comply with obligations, to meet / to satisfy obligations
выполнять взятые / принятые на себя обязательства — to fulfil / to meet the commitments / obligations assumed (upon)
выполнять обязательства по договору — to carry out / to discharge / to fulfil / to honour / to meet / to perform one's commitments / obligations under treaty / embodied in the treaty
нарушать обязательство — to break / to violate an engagement, to violate commitments / obligations
не выполнить своих обязательств — to make default in one's obligations / commitments
освободить от обязательства — to exonerate / to release (smb.) from an obligation
принять обязательство — to accfept an obligation, to enter into an engagement
принимать обязательства в соответствии с договором — to assume / to undertake obligations under a treaty
руководствоваться принятыми на себя обязательствами в соответствии с Уставом ООН — to be guided by the obligations set out / laid down in the UN Charter
связать обязательством — to engage (smb.) by / to lay (smb.) under an obligation
соблюдать обязательства, принятые в соответствии с договором — to abide by / to observe the obligations assumed under the treaty
уклоняться от выполнения обязательств — to evade / to shirk (one's) commitments / obligations
уплатить по обязательству — to discharge an obligation, to meet one's obligation
договорные обязательства — treaty / contract(ual) commitments / obligations
освободиться от выполнения договорных обязательств — to liberate oneself from the obligations of a treaty
освобождение от договорных обязательств — release from treaty obligations, discharge of a contract
переход договорных обязательств или прав от государства-предшественника к государству-преемнику — devolution of treaty obligations or rights from a predecessor state to a successor state
долговое обязательство — obligation; (за печатью) bond of obligation
долгосрочные обязательства — long-term commitments / obligations
кабальное обязательство — enslaving commitment / obligation
краткосрочное обязательство — short-term commitment / obligation
международные обязательства — internatioiial commitments / obligations
непосредственные / прямые обязательства — direct obligations
союзнические обязательства — allied commitments / obligations
срочные обязательства, обязательства на последующий срок — advance commitments
чётко / ясно сформулированные обязательства — clear-cut obligations
нарушение обязательств — breach of obligations, violation of one's commitments
обязательства, принятые сторонами по договору — obligations of the parties assumed under the treaty
сторона, не выполнившая обязательства — party in default
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > обязательство обязательств·о
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5 promesse
promesse [pʀɔmεs]feminine noun* * *pʀɔmɛs1) ( engagement) promise2) Droit, Commercehonorer ses promesses — to honour [BrE] one's commitments
3) ( espérance) promiseun magnifique coucher de soleil qui est la promesse de beau temps — a beautiful sunset which promises fine weather to come
•Phrasal Verbs:* * *pʀɔmɛs nf* * *promesse nf1 ( engagement) promise; faire une promesse à qn to make sb a promise, to give sb one's word; faire de grandes promesses to make grand promises; avoir la promesse de qn to have sb's word; tenir ses promesses to keep one's promises; ne pas tenir ses promesses to break one's promises; manquer à sa promesse to break one's promise ou word; fausses promesses empty promises; promesse de mariage promise of marriage; faire la promesse à qn que to promise sb that, to give sb one's word that;2 Jur, Comm honorer ses promesses to honourGB one's commitments; promesse de vente/d'achat agreement to sell/to buy;3 ( espérance) promise; être plein de promesses [personne, auteur, athlète] to be full of promise, to have great promise; un magnifique coucher de soleil qui est la promesse de beau temps a beautiful sunset which promises fine weather to come.promesse en l'air or de Gascon or d'ivrogne empty ou idle promise.[prɔmɛs] nom fémininmanquer à/tenir sa promesse to break/to keep one's promiseencore une promesse en l'air ou d'ivrogne ou de Gascon! promises, promises!promesse (unilatérale) d'achat/de vente (unilateral) commitment ou undertaking to buy/to sell3. (littéraire) [espoir] promisela promesse d'une journée magnifique/d'un avenir meilleur the promise of a beautiful day/a better future————————promesses nom féminin pluriel[avenir] promiseun jeune joueur plein de promesses a young player showing great promise, a very promising young player
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